Use of fly ash with no water consumption for cold regions transportation infrastructure     

Gokhan Baykal 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(5):619-625

The construction period in cold regions is very short due to problems related to excavation and use of frozen soils in embankment construction, which leads to excessive deformations upon thawing. Also, handling of compaction water is critical due to freezing temperatures. Coalburning thermal power plants are very common in cold regions to supply electricity. The inorganic part of the pulverized coal after burning produces fly ash, which is available in large volumes. Due to excavation difficulties and the poor engineering behavior of frozen soils in cold regions, the utilization of fly ash when it is readily available must be promoted. Any construction technique which utilizes alternative materials like fly ash and minimizes water consumption has a potential to extend the short construction season and even allow service and maintenance during extreme weather conditions. This paper presents two potential techniques to solve the moisture affinity of silt-sized materials like fly ash. One technique involves in-plant production of fly ash pellets using cold-bonding pelletization to manufacture aggregates of up to 40,000-μm diameter from 15- to 60-μm-diameter fly ash grains. Large disc pelletizers have annual production capacities of up to one million ton at a reasonable cost. The product has adequate strength for embankment construction even when no water is used and no compaction is applied. The second technique is an in situ mixing technique which uses snow instead of compaction water for fly ash. The snow is the main element in this technique to compact the embankment. Water is needed for the hydration reactions to form cementitious minerals in fly ash. The slower the hydration reaction, the greater the crystal growth of cementitious minerals. In the proposed technique, in situ snow is mixed with fly ash and is compacted on-site. The temperature increase due to the hydration reaction of fly ash upon contact with snow crystals provides water for continued long-term hydration, which results in high strength, a high void ratio, light weight, and high thermal insulation capability. The presented techniques have the potential to extend the short construction season in cold regions and will provide fill material, decreasing the need for excavation. Both techniques are well documented under laboratory conditions, the research results have been published, and the techniques are ready for field trials to assess implementability.  相似文献   

The effects of land consolidation on the ecological connectivity based on ecosystem service value: A case study of Da’an land consolidation project in Jilin province     

Jun WANG  Shenchun YAN  Yiqiang GUO  Junran LI  Guoqing SUN 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(5):603-616

Land consolidation has a profound impact on landscape patterns and ecological functions at various scales through engineering and biological measures. In recent years, China invests more than 100 billion RMB yuan on land consolidation each year. To understand how land consolidation affects landscape patterns and ecosystems, we investigated the ecosystem service value and the ecological connectivity in a consolidated area of Da’an city from 2008 to 2014 using a revised ecological connectivity index. The results indicated that land consolidation has certain negative influences on the ecosystem services in this area. The total ecosystem service value will decrease by nearly 30% in the late stage of consolidation. This decrease is caused by the loss of ecosystem service of the wetland and grassland, despite a sensible increase of cultivated land. In addition, land consolidation could change the ecological connectivity as well as the land use structure. Up to 85% of the entire area will be in low connectivity in the late stage of consolidation, representing a 6.23% increase in the total coverage compared to pre-consolidation. Finally, the different connectivity landscape and their key areas can be identified by the revised ecological connectivity index effectively. This study is helpful to trace out the relationships between landscape pattern and ecological process, and provides insights for ecological planning and designing of land consolidation in this area. We suggest that more attentions should be paid to improve the quality and ecosystem service value per unit area of the landscape, to establish ecological compensation mechanism of wetland losses, and to create the ecological corridors along the least accumulated impendence surface in the key areas during land consolidation.  相似文献   

Considering river structure and stability in the light of evolution: feedbacks between riparian vegetation and hydrogeomorphology          下载免费PDF全文

Dov Corenblit  Neil S. Davies  Johannes Steiger  Martin R. Gibling  Gudrun Bornette 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(2):189-207

River ecological functioning can be conceptualized according to a four‐dimensional framework, based on the responses of aquatic and riparian communities to hydrogeomorphic constraints along the longitudinal, transverse, vertical and temporal dimensions of rivers. Contemporary riparian vegetation responds to river dynamics at ecological timescales, but riparian vegetation, in one form or another, has existed on Earth since at least the Middle Ordovician (c. 450 Ma) and has been a significant controlling factor on river geomorphology since the Late Silurian (c. 420 Ma). On such evolutionary timescales, plant adaptations to the fluvial environment and the subsequent effects of these adaptations on fluvial sediment and landform dynamics resulted in the emergence, from the Silurian to the Carboniferous, of a variety of contrasted fluvial biogeomorphic types where water flow, morphodynamics and vegetation interacted to different degrees. Here we identify several of these types and describe the consequences for biogeomorphic structure and stability (i.e. resistance and resilience), along the four river dimensions, of feedbacks between riparian plants and hydrogeomorphic processes on contrasting ecological and evolutionary timescales. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国地震台网初至P波区域三维走时表的建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

梁建宏  韩雪君  孙丽  梁姗姗  张雪梅 《地震学报》2015,37(1):125-133

基于LLNL-G3Dv3全球P波三维速度模型,应用FMM软件包计算并建立了中国地震台网990个台站的初至P波区域三维走时表．该走时表覆盖了以台站为中心的水平向20°×20°、 垂直向-5.1—80 km （向下为正）的三维空间. 其水平向间隔为0.2°,垂直向间隔为5 km．这样对于任一深度小于80 km的震源,均可以应用此三维走时表计算其到周围10°范围内台站的走时．中国地震台网初至P波区域三维走时表的建立,对于改善区域初至P波走时预测,提高地震定位精度有一定现实意义．   相似文献   

An ‘Effective’ Involvement of Indigenous People in Environmental Impact Assessment: the cultural impact assessment of the Saru River Region,Japan     

Naohiro Nakamura 《The Australian geographer》2008,39(4):427-444

The Cultural Impact Assessment of the Saru River Region represents the first time that a site investigation was implemented in Japan in order to preserve an ethnic culture in relation to the construction of a dam. One of the project's basic concepts was to get local residents, especially those of Ainu ethnicity, to participate in the investigation. Existing case studies of environmental impact assessment have argued that the assessment has failed to sufficiently involve Indigenous people in its process and has largely failed to incorporate Indigenous knowledge, cultural values, and voices into its processes and outcomes. Also, intangible aspects of Indigenous cultural heritage have not been protected. In the Cultural Impact Assessment of the Saru River Region, the Final Report was released in 2006 and significantly included the 3 year investigation of input by local residents. In this sense, this assessment succeeded in effectively involving Indigenous people in its process and in reflecting their cultural values in its results. The more important issue is, however, how these results were included in the final outcomes. If Indigenous people have no power over final decision making, their involvement is not effective. This paper analyses the significance and unresolved problems involved in this overall assessment process.  相似文献   

海量多源1∶50000正射影像数据建库与集成更新     

王发良  廖安平  朱秀丽  张宏伟 《地理信息世界》2012,(1):22-26,31

高分辨率正射影像不仅是1∶50 000地形数据库更新的数据源,也是1∶50 000数据库更新工程的重要数据产品。本文针对国家1∶50 000更新工程DOM数据库建设目标和要求,提出了建库总体思路、技术方法和海量多源正射影像数据库的技术设计,面向正射影像数据库管理与分发服务需求研制开发了影像库集成管理与数据服务系统软件,实现影像成果数据集成管理和分发服务一体化。  相似文献   

基于TM遥感数据的汶川地震极重灾区生态恢复研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴春生  王文杰  刘孝富  张哲  郭翔  陈晨  冯宇 《地球信息科学学报》2012,14(5):666-672

本文以地震极重灾区2006、2008和2011年3期Landsat TM遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS提取灾区土地利用信息,结合坡度和高程等地形因子对灾区主要生态系统面积的变化进行综合分析.结果表明:2008年地震对灾区生态环境造成严重破坏,使研究区农田、森林和草地生态系统分别减少了124.6km2、461.6km2和9...  相似文献   

广西崇左市可持续综合发展及对策初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张健  濮励杰 《地理研究》2008,27(4):938-948

以我国西部新兴边贸城市崇左市为研究区域,根据社会经济发展、资源—能源消耗及环境污染的相互关系,结合生态学表现,利用三角模型工具分析评估区域经济可持续发展状况和长期趋势。探求崇左市1985~2005年可持续综合利用情况,对研究区经济发展现状问题的解决具有实用价值,对区域经济的可持续综合利用具有方法论意义。结果表明2005年崇左市可持续综合发展处于一般可持续性状态,且区域内7个行政子单元可持续综合发展水平介于弱可持续性到一般可持续性状态,东南部可持续综合发展状况优于西北部。崇左市可持续综合发展水平1985~1990年呈一般可持续性趋势;1991~1995年呈强可持续性趋势;1996~2000年呈一般可持续性趋势;2001~2005年呈一般可持续性趋势,但较前一阶段有下降趋势。这些状况和趋势与近20年间崇左市大力发展经济,加大环境保护力度有一定关系。  相似文献   

旅游地生态安全测度分析——以九寨沟自然保护区为例   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

章锦河  张捷  王群 《地理研究》2008,27(2):449-458

从人地关系安全、旅游生态伦理以及全球气候变化的视角,提出广义与狭义的旅游地生态安全概念,建立基于生态足迹的旅游地生态安全测度与评价模型,并以九寨沟为例,探讨旅游消费对旅游地区内与区际生态安全影响的特性。结果表明:(1)2004年九寨沟游客的旅游生态足迹总值为163514.0248hm²,人均旅游生态足迹为0.105190274hm²,居民的人均本底生态足迹为0.994925 hm²,同2002年比较,旅游生态足迹总值增加115.10%,人均旅游生态足迹增加72.44%,居民人均本底生态足迹增加3.47%。(2)2004年九寨沟旅游废弃物生态足迹总量为46960.5678hm²,约占旅游生态足迹总值的42.35%,其中旅游业的CO₂排放量高达309455.66t,占旅游废弃物生态足迹的99.84%,加强旅游业发展对区域乃至全球气候变化影响的研究十分紧要。(3)2004年九寨沟的生态安全系数处于1.093158~1.159388之间,处于可持续发展的生态安全状态,九寨沟自然保护区发展旅游业对自身生态安全的影响小于对区际(全球)的生态安全影响。(4)未来游客量的增加、旅行市场半径的拓展、受旅游消费示范效应的影响而引起的居民消费方式的转变以及居民对自然环境资源依赖程度的加强态势,是影响九寨沟生态安全的主要因素。  相似文献   

快速城市化地区水系结构变化特征——以深圳市为例   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

黄奕龙  王仰麟  刘珍环  曾祥坤  陈朗 《地理研究》2008,27(5):1212-1220

为了探讨城市化对水系结构的影响,应用深圳市1982、2002年的二期水系详查图,定量分析了水系长度、密度、分枝比、分枝能力和分维数等参数的变化特征。结果表明: 快速城市化过程中, 深圳市的河道总长度减少、密度减小, 河道数目减少, 特别是低级别的支流减少较多; 河道的分枝比和分枝能力都有不同程度的弱化, 单个水系片区和全市的河流分维数都下降,河流具有简单化的趋势, 河流的多元化特征削弱; 对于不同水系片区来说, 其变化速度不同, 表明城市化过程对水系结构的干扰存在空间差异性。建议强力推进河流的蓝线规划和滨水区的开发管理, 将水网的保护和规划纳入到城市规划的管理范围; 注重在开发利用中的保护, 减少各类新建城市用地、农用地整理过程中对水系的破坏; 加大水土保持力度, 减少因水土流失导致河流淤塞; 加强管理, 严禁向河道中倾倒垃圾。  相似文献